~ Desmond Tutu
HMT helps people generate extreme levels of hope that act as a shield of resilience, counteract negative emotions and feelings of stress, and transcend the effects of stress’s consequential negative emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. According to HMT, hope is the most powerful positive emotion people can experience. Hope can be triggered, harnessed, and maintained by making deliberate and conscious decisions that lead to the transcendence of stress, trauma, and the negative emotions connected with change.
The main goal of HMT is to help people develop enough hope to cope with negative situations in life. Hope can be managed and harnessed when needed. When faced with collisions with the future that cause stress, depression, or other negative feelings, HMT theorizes that therapists should stop focusing on managing stress. Instead, therapists should focus on managing hope and building enough positive emotions that people no longer focus on their negative stress.
Near his death, Abraham Maslow surmised that his “needs” theory was incomplete. He added a new needs level at the top of his pyramid – Self-Transcendence. Self-transcendence goes beyond Self-Actualization by proposing that people can transcend, or rise above, themselves and connect to something secular that is greater than themselves.
Thus, the goal of HMT is to provide people with enough hope to transcend stress and the problems associated with stress, like anxiety, trauma, and sadness.
Main Beliefs About Hope:
1) Hope is the most potent positive, universal human emotion characterized by intense motivation, optimism, and elevated mood about the future.
2) Feelings are more robust than thoughts, thus they create positive thought and behavior patterns.
3) Hope is a self-motivator, influencer, and inner driver to help people flourish.
4) Hope is the best way to build natural coping skills.
5) Hope builds resilience and operates as a natural antidote to stress (and its subsequent problems, including trauma, anxiety, and sadness).
6) As hope increases, resilience and positive stress increase, and negative stress decreases.
7) People need to learn how to manage hope.
8) Hope-Based Resilience is the outcome of effective hope management.
Benefits of HMT
Because stress is a natural response to certain situations and challenges in life, many professionals believe that stress cannot be eliminated. However, stress can be transcended by generating extreme levels of hope. John's research suggests that an increase in hope builds resilience against stress and greatly reduces the amount of negative stress people experience. Here are the proven benefits of Hope Management Theory (HMT):
Hope to Cope: HMT has been shown to help people cope with trauma, depression, chronic stress, and addictions.
Better Overall Quality of Life: HMT has been shown to reduce symptoms and enhance general well-being.
Enhanced Insight: HMT can help provide insight into the positive components of stress. By enhancing eustress, people see a rise in their ability to cope.
Stress Elimination: HMT has been proven to increase resilience and decrease stress and the negative emotions accompanying stress.
Improved Ability to Cope: Research using HMT has generated statistically significant increases in coping mechanisms.
A Reduction in Symptoms: When used in conjunction with other therapies, HMT has helped to reduce problems, issues, and challenges of traditional symptoms.
Application of The Hope Management Theory
People can cultivate "hope on steroids" to generate positive stress, build a shield of resilience, and eventually eliminate negative stress by learning to manage the raw emotion of HOPE:
1) Activate Hope: Trigger the emotion of hope by understanding change and transitions, remaining optimistic, visualizing the future you are, being flexible, and opening your mind to possibilities.
2) Make Hope a Habit: Engage in hopeful actions and build “Hope Habits” by creating a map of your vision, developing meaning and purpose for goals, and utilizing flow to maintain hope.
Therapists can use the Positive Psychology Series workbooks written by Dr. Michelle Scallon and Dr. John Liptak, currently being published by Whole Person Associates, to ensure hope becomes a habit. Examples of reproducible pages for each of the five workbooks include:
Generating a Sense of Accomplishment
· Eat The Frog First Thing in The Morning
· Have A Blast Accepting What Annoys You
· Accomplishing Your Mindset with “Why Not Me?”
· How to Accomplish Anything
· Opportunities Are Everywhere
Maintain Positive, Healthy Relationships
· Positive Assertiveness
· Ways to Build an Emotional Connection
· Positive Remote Conversations
· Letter to My Younger Self
· How Diversity in My Relationships Helps Me
Staying Hopeful and Engaged with Your Life
· Become Your Own Legend
· Tips for Using Fashion as a Skill to Cope
· Daydream Your Way There…
· Rediscover Your Interests/Passions
· What I’m Engaged in While in the Flow
Regain Control of Your Life
· Routines Provide Hope
· Jumpstart the Empowerment Process
· Happy Hygiene Habits for the Warrior in You
· The Lifestyle Vision Board
· Hope Through Movement
Find, Create, or Uncover Meaning in Your Life
· The Ten-Minute Autobiography
· Create Meaning Out of Challenges
· Find Meaning Through Radical Acceptance
· Grounded Breathing Practice
· Random Acts of Kindness
3) Maintain Hope: Make hope a lifestyle by maintaining positive stress over a lifetime, generating resilience in the face of obstacles, finding ways to integrate hope into your lifestyle, and sustaining self-care.
In conclusion, hope is the most intense emotion people generate, and the feelings associated with hope must be triggered, managed, enhanced, and maintained. When people are able to develop it in all aspects of their lives, hope becomes an antidote to stress and a way to build a protective shield of resilience.
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